I love Dungeon Defense, and The Lazy King. I love them for the style of the author, the beautiful prose. The deep and enlightenjng monologues of the Main Characters. The themes and concepts explored. The unique world view of the MCs. E.g from The Lazy King:
The Grandmaster Strategist The mc writes poems and is an excellent strategist There is also The Experimental Log of the Crazy Lich
Credit for that goes to translators. The only semblance of an author's style is the plot and details. Language used is solely dependent on translator and editor.
Dunno if it will match your preferences or not, but you have to try to read it http://www.novelupdates.com/series/white-wolves/ It is a novel with REAL mc's charachter development
Transcending the Nine Heavens. The writing and translation is one of the best among the novels on this site. And there are passages where the writing is very intelligent, and poetic. Most of Er Gen's novels have nice poetic passages. Especially when a charecter is going through a difficult time or is achieving enlightenment.
Gong Hua comes to mind. I haven't read too far since poetic text isn't my kinda thing, but what I did read seems to fit what you want. Mulberry Song has that fleeting, ethereal feel to it. If you're fine with manga, Olimpos fits completely. It's about Greek gods being bored and contemplating life. Spoiler: page from chapter 2
IRAS. The MC is a**hole. No philosophy or poetry of his own. To hit the nail, MC's philosophy of poetry is not MC's but the author's. The author may write himself or borrow from somewhere. In this story, the author borrows all the masterpieces from everywhere. The best is - the translator is able to translate them into English ! You go to the restaurant, order the prime rib. But you don't eat that bone, but only the meat, right? Without rib, could prime rib be called prime rib?
The Grandmaster Strategist has poetry that hounded a king to death. The whole series is also immersed in Confucian values. ELCL doesn't have poetry or sophisticated prose, so if you are looking specifically for that, you're out of luck. OTOH, it contains a surprisingly large amount of views on just about everything, include ethics and governance (including an interesting admittance that there is not just one solution to everything).
In that case he can look up the translations of Chinese poetry directly. There is no need to put up with that obnoxious, self-aggrandizing and racist main character whose only talent is plagiarism. triggerk has an excellent review on this.